AvalonBay Communities (AVB), 2016–2026

Stabilized Q2 2026 AFFO Yield (AFFO / Mkt Cap): 5.6% (18.0x price multiple)[1] AFFO / Market Cap is the best public accounting approximation of a true property or portfolio level cash-on-cash yield after G&A, taxes, and all other miscellaneous non-capex costs.
Stabilized Q2 2026 NOI Yield (NOI / TEV): 6.0% (16.6x multiple) Implied cap rate.
NOI CAGR since 2016: 4.1%. NOI increased from $1,421M / $11.24 per share (2016) to $2,044M / $15.12 per share (2025); total and per-share CAGR (2016–2025) = 4.1% and 3.4% respectively.

Definitions. NOI (Net Operating Income) = property-level rental and other income less community operating expenses. EBITDAre = Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization for Real Estate (Nareit definition). FFO (Funds from Operations) = net income excluding real estate depreciation and gains or losses on property sales (Nareit definition). AFFO (Adjusted Funds from Operations, cre42 definition) = Funds from Operations (FFO) less recurring capital expenditures. CFO (Cash Flow from Operations) = as-reported net cash provided by operating activities. TEV (Total Enterprise Value) = market capitalization plus total value of debt plus preferred shares and other debt-like obligations. CAGR = Compound Annual Growth Rate.

Stabilized CAGR, Q1 2016 – Q2 2026

MetricWhole companyPer stab. share
NOI3.9%3.4%
EBITDAre3.5%3.1%
FFO3.1%2.6%
AFFO2.8%2.4%

 

Stabilized metrics adjust market cap, TEV, and share counts for the value of ongoing non-revenue-producing construction and land held for development, to best approximate a stabilized property or portfolio.[1]Whole-company dollars are unchanged by stabilization; per-share figures use stabilized share counts.
View the stabilized data tables (trailing yields; annual per stabilized share; year-over-year growth)

Trailing yields (stabilized denominators; quarterly figures annualized ×4)

TTMQ3 25Q4 25Q1 26Q2 26
AFFO / STAB MKT CAP5.6%5.3%5.9%6.7%5.5%
FFO / STAB MKT CAP6.4%6.6%6.6%7.2%6.2%
EBITDAre / STAB TEV5.6%5.8%5.7%6.1%5.4%
NOI / STAB TEV6.0%5.8%6.2%6.8%6.2%

Annual per stabilized share, 2016–2026 (2026 = first half annualized ×2)

20162017201820192020202120222023202420252026 ann.
NOI$11.24$11.63$12.29$12.43$11.86$11.29$13.25$14.18$14.62$15.12$15.93
EBITDAre$10.34$10.71$11.45$11.51$10.76$10.32$12.05$12.94$13.49$14.19$14.13
FFO$8.99$9.06$9.49$9.74$8.97$8.39$10.09$10.95$11.49$12.04$11.74
AFFO$8.37$8.73$9.15$9.23$8.64$7.78$9.37$10.34$10.58$10.64$10.63
CFO$9.05$9.75$10.13$10.05$9.22$8.89$10.60$11.68$11.80$12.36$11.92

Year-over-year growth, per stabilized share

20162017201820192020202120222023202420252026 ann.
NOI3.5%5.7%1.2%-4.6%-4.8%17.4%7.0%3.1%3.4%5.4%
EBITDAre3.6%6.9%0.5%-6.5%-4.1%16.9%7.3%4.3%5.2%-0.4%
FFO0.8%4.7%2.7%-7.9%-6.5%20.3%8.5%4.9%4.8%-2.5%
AFFO4.2%4.8%0.9%-6.4%-10.0%20.6%10.3%2.4%0.6%-0.1%
CFO7.7%3.9%-0.7%-8.3%-3.6%19.3%10.2%1.1%4.7%-3.5%
Line chart of AVB NOI, EBITDAre, FFO, and AFFO per stabilized share, quarterly, Q1 2016 through Q2 2026

Source: AvalonBay quarterly earnings release attachments (8-K Ex-99.2) and Forms 10-Q / 10-K, Q1 2016–Q2 2026; CRE42 stabilized-share basis. Companion workbook, CHARTS STAB tab.

NOI per stabilized share rose to $12.43 by 2019, fell for two years to $11.29 in 2021 as gateway-market rents collapsed, then recovered and passed the 2019 peak in 2022.
Most metrics equal and then grow from 2020 pre-pandemic highs by 2023 and continued to grow (excluding 2026, which includes one-time cost effects from the merger with EQR).[2]
Stacked bar chart bridging AVB NOI to AFFO per stabilized share by year, 2016 through 2025

Source: Companion workbook, Quarterly Data annual block; segments are the exact differences between adjacent metrics, per stabilized share, and stack to NOI.

Reading the non-core segment. The FFO-to-Core-FFO step is a deduction whose sign varies. In the years where AVB's Core FFO exceeds its FFO (most of this decade) the segment is negative and renders below the axis rather than inside the stack. The stack still tops out at exactly NOI in every year; the below-axis piece is the amount by which Core FFO sits above FFO, not a missing cost.
Reading the bar, top down (FY2025, per stabilized share): G&A and corporate -$0.93 (NOI to EBITDAre); interest and other -$2.15 (EBITDAre to FFO); non-core adjustments -$0.16 (FFO to Core FFO, a deduction this year); recurring capex -$1.23 (Core FFO to AFFO).
AFFO of $10.64 per stabilized share (FY2025) is the residual: cash retained for dividends ($7.00 declared per share) and reinvestment; whole-dollar AFFO covered the declared dividend 1.45x in 2025.
Interest expense widened from $1.35 to $2.15 per stabilized share across the decade, contributing to slower FFO growth vs. NOI.
Stacked bar chart of AVB construction in progress and land held for development per share, year end 2016 through Q2 2026, with a line showing the pipeline as a percentage of total entity value on a right axis and a table of market cap and TEV per share beneath the bars

Source: AvalonBay balance sheets (Forms 10-K / 10-Q), Q4 2016–Q2 2026; companion workbook, Quarterly Data development pipeline block (rows 169–180). Bars: "Construction in progress, including land" plus "Land held for development", per period-end share and unit; line: the same total as a percentage of TEV. 2026 = quarter end June 2026, not annualized.[3]

Construction in progress per share fell from $13.71 (2016) to $5.77 (2021), then climbed back to $11.68 by June 2026, the highest reading since 2018: $1.67B of construction in progress at June 2026 against $0.81B at the 2021 low.
The separately held land bank never exceeds $1.40 per share (2023) and finished at $0.71 at June 2026. AVB carries the land under active projects inside construction in progress.[3]
Stacked bar chart of AVB dividends declared and retained cash per share stacking to AFFO per share, annual 2016 through 2025, with a payout ratio and dividend yield table and year-end share prices boxed above each bar

Source: AvalonBay Forms 10-K and 10-Q, 2016–2025 (dividends declared, statements of changes in equity); companion workbook, Quarterly Data dividend rows and annual block. AFFO per share on weighted-average diluted shares; payout ratio = dividends declared / AFFO; dividend yield = dividends declared / year-end closing price.

Dividends declared grew from $5.40 per share (2016) to $7.00 (2025), a 2.9% annual rate, against 3.0% for AFFO per share ($7.70 to $10.08); the dividend was never cut.
AVB held the dividend at $6.36 for three consecutive years (2020, 2021, 2022): the payout ratio had reached 84.4% in 2021, with payout ratio returning to 67.7% by 2023 with growing revenues and AFFO.
Outside the pandemic years the payout ratio sits in a tight 67% to 71% band: AVB distributes roughly seven-tenths of AFFO and retains about $3 per share per year for reinvestment ($3.08 in 2025).
Share price volatility compressed the dividend yield to 2.5% at the 2021 price peak of $252.59, before increasing to 3.9% by 2025 on a share price below its 2019 level.
View the as-reported data tables (trailing yields; annual per share; year-over-year growth)

The chart above and the three tables below are on an as-reported basis: per-share figures use weighted-average diluted shares, and the yields use unadjusted market capitalization and total enterprise value. The tables higher up the page are on the stabilized basis[1], which deducts non-revenue-producing construction and development land from both capitalization and share counts. FY2025 AFFO reads $10.08 per share here and $10.64 per stabilized share there.

Trailing yields (as reported; quarterly figures annualized ×4)

TTMQ3 25Q4 25Q1 26Q2 26
AFFO / MKT CAP5.2%5.0%5.5%6.2%5.1%
FFO / MKT CAP5.9%6.3%6.2%6.7%5.8%
EBITDAre / TEV5.3%5.6%5.4%5.7%5.2%
NOI / TEV5.7%5.6%5.9%6.4%5.9%

Annual per share, 2016–2026 (2026 = first half annualized ×2)

20162017201820192020202120222023202420252026 ann.
NOI$10.33$10.86$11.42$11.71$11.17$10.94$12.70$13.37$13.98$14.31$14.81
EBITDAre$9.50$9.99$10.64$10.84$10.13$10.00$11.55$12.20$12.90$13.43$13.14
FFO$8.26$8.45$8.81$9.18$8.45$8.13$9.67$10.32$10.98$11.40$10.91
AFFO$7.70$8.15$8.50$8.70$8.14$7.54$8.99$9.75$10.12$10.08$9.88
CFO$8.32$9.10$9.41$9.47$8.68$8.61$10.16$11.01$11.29$11.70$11.08

Year-over-year growth, per share

20162017201820192020202120222023202420252026 ann.
NOI5.1%5.2%2.6%-4.7%-2.1%16.1%5.3%4.6%2.4%3.5%
EBITDAre5.2%6.4%1.9%-6.5%-1.3%15.6%5.6%5.7%4.1%-2.2%
FFO2.3%4.2%4.1%-7.9%-3.8%19.0%6.7%6.4%3.8%-4.2%
AFFO5.8%4.3%2.3%-6.4%-7.4%19.3%8.5%3.8%-0.4%-1.9%
CFO9.4%3.4%0.7%-8.3%-0.8%18.0%8.4%2.5%3.7%-5.3%
Stacked bar chart of AVB annual property-level NOI and community operating expenses stacking to rental and other income, with gross operating margin labeled inside each bar, 2016 through 2025

Source: AvalonBay Q4 earnings release attachments (8-K Ex-99.2), consolidated statements of operations, full-year column, own vintage 2016–2025; cross-vintage corroborated. Margin = (rental and other income less community operating expenses) / rental and other income. Companion workbook, Quarterly Data rows 114–118 and the detail block at rows 155–167.[4]

Gross operating margin narrowed from 70.0% (2016) to 68.2% (2025) while revenue grew 49% ($2,040M to $3,034M).
Gross margin held around 70% through 2019, then fell to 68.6% (2020) and 67.2% (2021) as rents fell against a property-tax and insurance base that did not. It has recovered only about half of that.
Property taxes were the primary cause of the operating margin reduction, growing 5.9% a year against 4.5% for revenue, and rising from 10.0% of revenue in 2016 to 11.3% in 2025.
Chart of AVB leveraged cash flow bars inside stabilized market cap bars with year-over-year growth labels and the leveraged multiple line, annual 2016 through 2025

Source: Companion workbook, Quarterly Data annual block; stabilized market cap per the CRE42 method.[1] Leveraged CF = NOI less interest expense.

The leveraged multiple went from 18.1x (2016) to 26.3x at the 2021 peak, then to 13.4x (2025): below where the decade started, and the lowest reading in the series.
Chart of AVB annual NOI bars inside stabilized TEV bars with year-over-year growth labels and the gross NOI multiple line, 2016 through 2025

Source: Companion workbook, Quarterly Data annual block; stabilized TEV per the CRE42 method.[1]

The gross NOI multiple traces the same arc: 20.7x (2016) to 27.8x (2021) to 16.3x (2025), equivalent to a 6.1% cap rate on year-end 2025 stabilized TEV.
Line chart of AVB CFO and AFFO per stabilized share with gray bars showing the annual delta, 2016 through 2025

Source: Companion workbook, Quarterly Data annual block. CFO is as-reported operating cash flow; AFFO is CRE42-constructed (Core FFO less recurring capex).

CFO runs persistently above AFFO: total delta $10.68 per stabilized share over 2016–2025, averaging $1.07 per year.

Notes

[1] Stabilized basis, accounting mechanics. The stabilized adjustment removes from equity market capitalization and total enterprise value the cumulative invested cost of (a) development and value-add projects in lease-up or under construction, carried on AVB's balance sheet as "Construction in progress, including land", and (b) prospective-development land held at cumulative cost, carried as "Land held for development". Per-share figures deduct the share-equivalent of the same value (dev and land value divided by the quarter-end share price) from both weighted-average diluted and period-end share counts. Land under operating communities is not deducted; the adjustment isolates only capital that is not yet producing income. Note that AvalonBay moves assets out of construction in progress at completion rather than at stabilization, so the adjustment is, if anything, conservative; AVB publishes no figure to cross-check it against. Method per the CRE42 REIT-section convention; full decision trail on the companion workbook Sources tab.

[2] Reading the 2026 column. Every 2026 figure on this page is the first half annualized ×2, and the four series diverge sharply that year: NOI per stabilized share rises 5.4% while EBITDAre falls 0.4%, FFO falls 2.5% and CFO falls 3.5%. Four things drive the wedge, none of them a change in property performance. (a) 2025's EBITDAre base carries unrealized gains on AvalonBay's proptech investments that do not repeat, large enough that published Q3 2025 EBITDAre sits slightly above NOI. (b) 2026 carries merger transaction costs, which is most of why G&A and corporate per stabilized share jumps to $1.80 from $0.93. (c) Asset Preservation capex steps up to $1.62 per stabilized share from $1.23. (d) AvalonBay's operating cash flow is back-half weighted, so the H1 ×2 convention understates CFO in a way it does not understate NOI. NOI, which sits above all four effects, is the only series on the page that reads clean in 2026.

[3] Development pipeline chart. The two bar segments together equal the "dev & land value" that the stabilized adjustment in note [1] removes from market cap and TEV. AvalonBay's balance sheet carries the land under communities being built inside "Construction in progress, including land", so the gray segment is only the separately held land bank; the two lines are not the same split EastGroup reports. Per-share figures divide year-end balances by period-end shares plus DownREIT units, the same count used for market cap and TEV per share in the table beneath the bars. Two published readings look unusual and are carried as reported: land held for development reads $0 at December 31, 2019, and it fell from $520M to $84M between the third and fourth quarters of 2016. The right axis is offset so the line reads clear of the bars; its zero sits mid-plot by design.

[4] Gross operating margin series, two things to know. First, the numerator is not the NOI used elsewhere on this page. AVB's earnings-release NOI reconciliation carries no total-revenue line, so revenue and operating expenses come from the consolidated statements of operations instead. Those statements do not re-base prior periods for dispositions and assets held for sale, while AVB's published NOI does, leaving the two 0.3% to 1.2% apart in any given year ($2,067M against $2,044M in 2025). The margin ratio is internally consistent; it simply will not tie to the NOI in the charts above. Second, there is a presentation break between 2023 and 2024. In its FY2024 release AvalonBay re-presented $12.6M of FY2023 "platform costs" out of direct property operating expenses and into property management and other indirect expense, following its centralization into a shared-services model. Own-vintage figures are carried here per the two-document rule, so the reported 2023-to-2024 change reads as flat; on a consistent basis it is roughly -0.4 points.

Data. AvalonBay Communities quarterly earnings release attachments and Forms 10-K / 10-Q, Q1 2016 through Q2 2026. AvalonBay publishes no standalone supplemental package; its supplemental disclosure is the set of attachments to the quarterly earnings release, furnished as 8-K Exhibit 99.2. Quarter-end share prices appear in no AVB filing and are carried as market-data inputs. AVB publishes no AFFO, so the AFFO series here is a CRE42 construct (Core FFO less recurring capex) with no published figure to tie to; recurring capex is AVB's Asset Preservation capex from 2018 forward and a flagged 10-Q proxy for 2016–2017, when no quarterly disclosure existed. All derived figures tie to published totals in the companion workbook; every input is cited on its Sources tab. Trailing yields and multiples use trailing-twelve-month results against quarter-end June 2026 stabilized capitalization.

Companion workbook. AVB-individual-metrics.xlsx – 42-quarter per-share grid (as reported and stabilized), derivations tied to published figures, annual aggregations, and native chart tabs (CHARTS, CHARTS STAB).