Vmark (VMRK): AVB + EQR Pro Forma Combined, 2016–2026

Pro forma combined basis. On May 21, 2026 AvalonBay and Equity Residential agreed to combine in an all-stock merger of equals; the combined company, Vmark (VMRK), is expected to begin reporting with Q3 2026. This page combines the two companies' actual results backward to Q1 2016: whole-dollar figures are the sum of each company's own-vintage results, and per-share figures are as-if-converted at the fixed merger exchange ratio of 2.793 VMRK (= EQR) shares per AvalonBay share, applied to every period.[5] The standalone pre-merger records remain on the AVB and EQR pages.
Stabilized Q2 2026 AFFO Yield (AFFO / Mkt Cap): 5.4% (18.5x price multiple)[1] AFFO / Market Cap is the best public accounting approximation of a true property or portfolio level cash-on-cash yield after G&A, taxes, and all other miscellaneous non-capex costs.
Stabilized Q2 2026 NOI Yield (NOI / TEV): 6.1% (16.5x multiple) Implied cap rate.
NOI CAGR since 2016: 3.2%. Combined NOI increased from $3,119M / $4.32 per share (2016) to $4,123M / $5.39 per share (2025); total and per-share CAGR (2016–2025) = 3.2% and 2.5% respectively, a blend of AVB's 4.1% and EQR's 2.3%.

Definitions. NOI (Net Operating Income) = property-level revenue less direct property operating expenses, as each company publishes it. EBITDAre = Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization for Real Estate (Nareit definition). FFO (Funds from Operations) = net income excluding real estate depreciation and gains or losses on property sales (Nareit definition). Core/Normalized FFO = AVB's Core FFO plus EQR's Normalized FFO, each company's own published measure excluding non-comparable items (merger costs included among them). AFFO (Adjusted Funds from Operations, cre42 definition) = Core/Normalized FFO less recurring capital expenditures (each company's own recurring measure, summed). CFO (Cash Flow from Operations) = as-reported net cash provided by operating activities. TEV (Total Enterprise Value) = market capitalization plus total value of debt plus preferred shares and other debt-like obligations. CAGR = Compound Annual Growth Rate.

Stabilized CAGR, Q1 2016 – Q2 2026

MetricWhole companyPer stab. share
NOI2.9%2.4%
EBITDAre2.5%2.0%
FFO[6]5.1%4.6%
AFFO2.7%2.3%

 

Stabilized metrics adjust market cap, TEV, and share counts for the value of ongoing non-revenue-producing construction and land held for development, to best approximate a stabilized property or portfolio.[1]Whole-company dollars are unchanged by stabilization; per-share figures use stabilized share counts, on the as-if-converted basis.
View the stabilized data tables (trailing yields; annual per stabilized share; year-over-year growth)

Trailing yields (stabilized denominators; quarterly figures annualized ×4)

TTMQ3 25Q4 25Q1 26Q2 26
AFFO / STAB MKT CAP5.4%5.4%5.7%6.4%5.3%
FFO / STAB MKT CAP6.1%6.6%6.4%6.6%6.0%
EBITDAre / STAB TEV5.5%5.8%5.6%5.7%5.5%
NOI / STAB TEV6.1%6.0%6.3%6.7%6.2%

Annual per stabilized share, 2016–2026 (2026 = first half annualized ×2)

20162017201820192020202120222023202420252026 ann.
NOI$4.32$4.39$4.56$4.69$4.43$4.12$4.77$5.05$5.23$5.39$5.55
EBITDAre$4.08$4.07$4.21$4.32$4.08$3.73$4.33$4.58$4.71$4.94$4.85
FFO$3.13$3.23$3.28$3.45$3.24$3.00$3.58$3.84$3.96$4.14$3.99
AFFO$2.86$2.95$3.08$3.23$3.05$2.75$3.22$3.47$3.65$3.67$3.68
CFO$3.12$3.43$3.59$3.70$3.32$3.23$3.77$4.06$4.15$4.34$3.96

Year-over-year growth, per stabilized share

20162017201820192020202120222023202420252026 ann.
NOI1.6%3.7%3.0%-5.6%-6.9%15.8%5.7%3.6%3.2%2.9%
EBITDAre-0.4%3.6%2.4%-5.5%-8.4%15.9%5.9%2.8%4.8%-1.7%
FFO3.0%1.6%5.3%-6.2%-7.3%19.2%7.5%2.9%4.7%-3.7%
AFFO2.9%4.5%4.8%-5.4%-10.0%17.4%7.6%5.1%0.6%0.3%
CFO9.8%4.7%3.0%-10.3%-2.6%16.7%7.7%2.1%4.7%-8.7%
Line chart of VMRK pro forma combined NOI, EBITDAre, FFO, and AFFO per stabilized share, quarterly, Q1 2016 through Q2 2026

Source: pro forma combination of the AVB and EQR canonical workbooks (companion workbook, AVB Input / EQR Input tabs), Q1 2016–Q2 2026; as-if-converted at 2.793; CRE42 stabilized-share basis. Companion workbook, CHARTS STAB tab.

Combined NOI per stabilized share rose to $4.69 by 2019, fell for two years to $4.12 in 2021 as gateway and urban-core rents collapsed, then recovered and passed the 2019 peak in 2022.
The Q1 2016 FFO dip is financial, not operating: it carries the debt-extinguishment costs of EQR's post-Starwood deleveraging.[6]
Most metrics regain their 2019 highs by 2022–2023 and continue to grow (excluding 2026, which includes one-time cost effects of the merger at both companies).[2]
Stacked bar chart bridging VMRK pro forma combined NOI to AFFO per stabilized share by year, 2016 through 2025

Source: Companion workbook, Quarterly Data annual block; segments are the exact differences between adjacent metrics, per stabilized share, and stack to NOI.

Reading the gray segment. The FFO-to-Core/Normalized-FFO step is a deduction whose sign varies. In years where the combined Core/Normalized FFO exceeds combined FFO the segment is negative and renders below the axis rather than inside the stack. The stack still tops out at exactly NOI in every year.
Reading the bar, top down (FY2025, per stabilized share): property management, G&A and corporate -$0.46 (NOI to EBITDAre); interest and other -$0.79 (EBITDAre to FFO); non-core and normalization adjustments roughly $0.00 net (the two companies' items offset in 2025); recurring capex -$0.47 (Core/Normalized FFO to AFFO).
AFFO of $3.67 per stabilized share (FY2025) is the residual: cash retained for dividends ($2.60 regular declared per as-if share) and reinvestment; whole-dollar AFFO covered declared dividends 1.37x in 2025.
Combined interest expense narrowed from $0.95 to $0.79 per stabilized share across the decade: EQR's deleveraging after the Starwood sale outweighed AVB's rising interest line.
Stacked bar chart of VMRK pro forma combined projects under development and land held for development per share, year end 2016 through Q2 2026, with a line showing the pipeline as a percentage of total entity value on a right axis and a table of market cap and TEV per share beneath the bars

Source: both companies' balance sheets via the canonical workbooks; companion workbook, Quarterly Data development pipeline block (rows 169–180). Bars: AVB "Construction in progress, including land" plus EQR "Projects under development", plus the two land banks, per as-if-converted period-end share and unit; line: the same total as a percentage of TEV. 2026 = quarter end June 2026, not annualized.[3]

Combined development plus land fell from $3.56 per share and 4.2% of TEV (2016) to $1.34 and 1.2% at the 2021 trough, then rebuilt to $2.41 and 2.7% at June 2026. Nearly all of the development line is AVB: EQR's consolidated pipeline finished at $58M against AVB's $1.67B of construction in progress.[3]
The combined land bank stays between $0.12 and $0.40 per share throughout and finished at $0.20 at June 2026.
Stacked bar chart of VMRK pro forma combined regular dividends declared and retained cash per share stacking to AFFO per share, annual 2016 through 2025, with a payout ratio and dividend yield table and year-end share prices boxed above each bar

Source: both companies' declared dividends via the canonical workbooks; companion workbook, Quarterly Data dividend rows and annual block. Per-share figures on as-if-converted shares; payout ratio = regular dividends declared / AFFO; dividend yield = regular dividends declared / year-end synthetic price.

Combined regular dividends declared grew from $1.93 per as-if share (2016) to $2.60 (2025), a 3.3% annual rate, against 3.1% for AFFO per share ($2.70 to $3.55); neither company ever cut its regular dividend.
2016 added $5.26 per as-if share of EQR special dividends ($4.0B; $8.00 declared in Q1 and $3.00 in Q3 per EQR share, Starwood-sale proceeds). Specials are excluded from the bars and from the payout and yield rows.
The combined payout ratio runs 70% to 78% in every year except 2021 (86%); outside the 2020-2021 trough the combined company retains roughly $0.77 to $1.02 per share per year for reinvestment ($0.96 in 2025).
Share price volatility compressed the dividend yield to 2.5% at the 2021 synthetic-price peak of $90.47, before increasing to 4.1% by 2025 on a price below its 2019 level.
View the as-reported data tables (trailing yields; annual per share; year-over-year growth)

The chart above and the three tables below are on an as-reported basis: per-share figures use weighted-average diluted shares and units, and the yields use unadjusted market capitalization and total enterprise value. The tables higher up the page are on the stabilized basis[1], which deducts non-revenue-producing development and land from both capitalization and share counts. FY2025 AFFO reads $3.55 per share here and $3.67 per stabilized share there.

Trailing yields (as reported; quarterly figures annualized ×4)

TTMQ3 25Q4 25Q1 26Q2 26
AFFO / MKT CAP5.2%5.2%5.5%6.1%5.1%
FFO / MKT CAP5.9%6.4%6.2%6.3%5.8%
EBITDAre / TEV5.3%5.7%5.5%5.6%5.3%
NOI / TEV5.9%5.9%6.2%6.5%6.0%

Annual per share, 2016–2026 (2026 = first half annualized ×2)

20162017201820192020202120222023202420252026 ann.
NOI$4.07$4.20$4.38$4.54$4.26$4.04$4.66$4.88$5.08$5.22$5.34
EBITDAre$3.84$3.89$4.05$4.18$3.92$3.66$4.23$4.43$4.58$4.78$4.66
FFO$2.95$3.09$3.15$3.34$3.12$2.94$3.49$3.72$3.85$4.01$3.84
AFFO$2.70$2.82$2.96$3.12$2.94$2.69$3.15$3.36$3.55$3.55$3.54
CFO$2.94$3.28$3.45$3.58$3.19$3.17$3.69$3.93$4.03$4.20$3.81

Year-over-year growth, per share

20162017201820192020202120222023202420252026 ann.
NOI3.2%4.2%3.7%-6.1%-5.3%15.5%4.7%4.1%2.7%2.2%
EBITDAre1.2%4.0%3.2%-6.1%-6.8%15.6%4.9%3.3%4.3%-2.4%
FFO4.7%2.0%6.1%-6.7%-5.7%18.9%6.5%3.4%4.2%-4.4%
AFFO4.6%4.9%5.6%-5.9%-8.5%17.2%6.6%5.6%0.1%-0.4%
CFO11.5%5.2%3.7%-10.8%-0.9%16.4%6.7%2.6%4.2%-9.3%
Stacked bar chart of VMRK pro forma combined annual property-level NOI and rental operating expenses stacking to total rental income, with gross operating margin labeled inside each bar, 2016 through 2025

Source: both companies' revenue and operating-expense series via the canonical workbooks (AVB income-statement basis; EQR published-reconciliation basis), own vintage 2016–2025. Margin = (combined revenue less operating expenses) / combined revenue. Companion workbook, Quarterly Data rows 114–118 and 155–161.[4]

Combined gross operating margin narrowed from 70.1% (2016) to 67.7% (2025) while combined revenue grew 37% ($4,462M to $6,128M).
Margin held near 70% through 2019, fell to 66.3% in 2021 as coastal rents fell against an expense base that did not, and has recovered only part of that.
The two components are on different bases (AVB income-statement, EQR published-reconciliation), so the combined numerator carries AVB's small gap to published NOI.[4]
Chart of VMRK pro forma combined leveraged cash flow bars inside stabilized market cap bars with year-over-year growth labels and the leveraged multiple line, annual 2016 through 2025

Source: Companion workbook, Quarterly Data annual block; stabilized market cap per the CRE42 method.[1] Leveraged CF = combined NOI less combined interest expense.

The combined leveraged multiple went from 18.9x (2016) to 26.3x at the 2021 peak, then to 13.6x (2025): below where the decade started, and the lowest reading in the series.
Chart of VMRK pro forma combined annual NOI bars inside stabilized TEV bars with year-over-year growth labels and the gross NOI multiple line, 2016 through 2025

Source: Companion workbook, Quarterly Data annual block; stabilized TEV per the CRE42 method.[1]

The gross NOI multiple traces the same arc: 19.9x (2016) to 27.3x (2021) to 15.9x (2025), equivalent to a 6.3% cap rate on year-end 2025 stabilized TEV.
Line chart of VMRK pro forma combined CFO and AFFO per stabilized share with gray bars showing the annual delta, 2016 through 2025

Source: Companion workbook, Quarterly Data annual block. CFO is the sum of both companies' as-reported operating cash flows; AFFO is CRE42-constructed (Core/Normalized FFO less combined recurring capex).

CFO runs persistently above AFFO: total delta $4.80 per stabilized share over 2016–2025, averaging $0.48 per year.

Notes

[1] Stabilized basis, accounting mechanics. The stabilized adjustment removes from the combined equity market capitalization and total enterprise value the cumulative invested cost of the two companies' development balance-sheet lines (AVB "Construction in progress, including land" plus EQR "Projects under development") and their separately held development land. Per-share figures deduct the share-equivalent of the same value (dev and land divided by the quarter-end synthetic price) from both weighted-average diluted and period-end as-if-converted share counts. Both companies move assets out of these lines at construction completion rather than stabilization, so the adjustment is, if anything, conservative; neither publishes a figure to cross-check it against. Development in unconsolidated joint ventures (mostly EQR's) is not on these lines and is excluded. Method per the CRE42 REIT-section convention; full decision trail on the companion workbook Sources tab.

[2] Reading the 2026 column. Every 2026 figure is the first half annualized ×2, and the series diverge that year: NOI per stabilized share rises 2.9% and AFFO 0.3%, while EBITDAre falls 1.7%, FFO falls 3.7% and CFO falls 8.7%. The drivers are the same items footnoted on the two standalone pages, now combined: (a) both companies booked merger transaction costs in Q2 2026 (EQR $5.1M plus $2.9M of merger financing costs; AVB's inside its G&A step-up), all inside FFO and EBITDAre but outside the Core/Normalized measures; (b) H1 2026 carries elevated EQR litigation reserves; (c) the 2025 base carries one-time income at both companies (AVB's unrealized proptech gains; EQR's employment-tax refund and securities gains); (d) both companies' operating cash flow is back-half weighted, so H1 ×2 understates CFO. AFFO reads clean because it builds from the Core/Normalized measures. Both companies withdrew earnings guidance on merger pendency.

[3] Development pipeline chart. The two bar segments equal the combined "dev & land value" that note [1] removes from capitalization. The segments mix line semantics: AVB carries land under active projects inside its construction-in-progress line, while EQR splits land out, so the blue segment is AVB CIP (incl. its project land) plus EQR projects under development, and the gray segment is the two separately held land banks. Unconsolidated joint-venture development (the larger share of EQR's current pipeline) is excluded. Per-share figures divide year-end balances by as-if-converted period-end shares plus units, the same count used for the market cap and TEV per share rows beneath the bars. The right axis is offset so the line reads clear of the bars.

[4] Gross operating margin series, mixed basis. The AVB component comes from its consolidated statements of operations (which do not re-base for dispositions, leaving a 0.3% to 1.2% gap to its published NOI, and carrying the FY2023 platform-cost presentation break); the EQR component comes from its published NOI reconciliation and ties exactly. The combined margin ratio is internally consistent, but its numerator will not tie exactly to the combined published NOI in the charts above; the gap equals the AVB gap. Detail on each standalone page.

[5] Pro forma methodology. Whole-dollar figures are the simple sum of the two companies' own-vintage results as compiled in the two canonical workbooks; no eliminations apply (they were separate companies throughout). Per-share figures are as-if-converted: VMRK shares = EQR shares and units plus 2.793 × AVB shares and units, each quarter's actual counts at the fixed merger exchange ratio (merger agreement, per EQR's Q2 2026 Form 10-Q; the ratio does not adjust for price moves). The synthetic share price is combined market capitalization over as-if-converted shares; at Q2 2026 it reads $67.74 against EQR's actual $67.93 and ratio-adjusted AVB at $67.56, and in earlier years it is a value-weighted blend of the two stocks. Combined Core/Normalized FFO sums AVB Core FFO and EQR Normalized FFO; combined recurring capex sums each company's own measure (definitions converge only when VMRK publishes its own disclosure). When VMRK begins reporting (expected Q3 2026), actual combined figures and actual share counts take over; expect one-time merger costs at close and purchase-accounting depreciation step-up, which barely touches this metric set since NOI, EBITDAre, FFO and AFFO sit above or exclude real estate depreciation. The combined company name and ticker are carried per Chip's direction pending their appearance in filings.

[6] FFO endpoint CAGR. The stabilized CAGR table uses single-quarter endpoints (Q1 2016 to Q2 2026). Q1 2016 combined FFO carries the debt-extinguishment and prepayment costs of EQR's post-Starwood deleveraging, so the FFO row's CAGR is inflated by a depressed base quarter; the Core/Normalized FFO and AFFO constructions exclude those costs.

Data. This page is derived entirely from the two canonical CRE42 workbooks (AVB-individual-metrics.xlsx and EQR-individual-metrics.xlsx), carried as value-input tabs inside the companion workbook; no new extraction was performed. Every underlying figure is cited on those workbooks' Sources tabs and in their per-figure citation archives. AFFO is a CRE42 construct with no published figure to tie to at either company. Trailing yields and multiples use trailing-twelve-month combined results against quarter-end June 2026 stabilized combined capitalization. On May 21, 2026 AvalonBay and Equity Residential announced an all-stock merger of equals expected to close in H2 2026; this page is the pro forma combined record and will switch to Vmark's reported figures when combined reporting begins.

Companion workbook. VMRK-individual-metrics.xlsx – pro forma combined 42-quarter grid (as reported and stabilized) over value copies of the two source workbooks, the fixed-ratio share construction, annual aggregations, and native chart tabs (CHARTS, CHARTS STAB).